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2003
CARNEGIE SCHOLARS ANNOUNCED
Thirteen
Scholars Chosen for Innovative Scholarship in Education, International
Development, Strengthening U.S. Democracy, and International Peace
and Security
New
York, NY—May 7, 2003. Carnegie Corporation of New York today
named 13 new Carnegie Scholars, including emerging and recognized
scholars at American universities and research institutions. Each
scholar, chosen in a highly competitive process, will receive up
to $100,000 over the next two years to pursue pathbreaking research
that expands the intellectual margins of the Corporation's program
areas. They will explore issues critical to education reform, widening
global income gaps, violence in societies, the politics of federal
judicial selection, economic growth and development, legal reform
in Russia, the political and economic questions facing Africa, the
making of U.S. foreign policy over the years and the implications
of Islamic politics and identity.
"As
the Carnegie Scholars program approaches its fourth year, the announcement
of the new class of Carnegie Scholars underscores the importance
of the role the creative intellectual plays in a democratic society,"
said Vartan Gregorian, president of Carnegie Corporation of New
York. "The support for research and scholarship has been a
fundamental theme of the Corporation’s work over the years
and the Scholars program each year helps men and women of vision
to examine some of the most significant and critical questions facing
the world today.”
The 13 Carnegie Scholars of 2003, their institutions and research
titles are:
Sarah A. Binder, The Brookings Institution and George Washington
University
"Stacking the Bench: The Politics and Process of Federal Judicial
Selection"
Rachel
Bronson, Council on Foreign Relations
"With Us or Against Us? The Making of U.S. Policy toward Saudi
Arabia: 1945 to the Present"
Louise Cainkar, University of Illinois, Chicago
"A Sociological Study of the Islamicization of Chicago’s
Arab Community: Implications for Democratic Integration"
Kathleen Collins, University of Notre Dame
"Islam, Identity and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus"
Paul Edwards, University of Michigan
"The Technopolitics of Information Infrastructure in South
Africa: Apartheid, Regime Change and Legitimate Sovereignty"
James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin
"Global Inequality and Financial Disorder: The Need for a New
System"
Michael Gilsenan, New York University
"Islam, Citizenship and Identity in Indonesia, Malaysia and
Singapore"
Stephen Holmes, New York University
"A New Approach to Russian Legal Reform"
Alan B. Krueger, Princeton University
"A Re-evaluation of Three School Voucher Experiments"
Xiaodong Lin, Teachers College, Columbia University
"Images of Good Students and Good Classrooms: Enhancing Teacher
Awareness of Their Own and Student Cultural Beliefs"
Daniel N. Posner, University of California, Los Angeles
"Ethnicity and Africa’s Growth Tragedy"
Darius Rejali, Reed College
"Approaches to Violence: A Citizen’s Toolkit"
Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Emory University
"The Path to Moderation: Lessons from the Evaluation of Islamism
in the Middle East"
Project descriptions for each scholar are attached to this release.
The Corporation names up to 20 Carnegie Scholars annually, with
each award lasting up to two years and providing a maximum of $100,000
in total funding. At the end of each fellowship, Carnegie Scholars
submit written reports to the Corporation, which may then assist
in disseminating those results.
This year, 144 nominations were received and 48 were invited to
provide complete project descriptions. The finalists were then evaluated
by committees including both Carnegie Corporation program leaders
and external advisors. Thirteen finalists were then presented to
Carnegie Corporation's Board of Trustees.
"Criteria for selection were based on stringent academic standards
as well as the relevance of the project to Corporation program priorities,"
says Neil Grabois, vice president and director for strategic planning
and program coordination at Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Including this year’s Scholars, 52 people have been named Carnegie
Scholars since the inception of the program in 2000. Patricia Rosenfield,
chair of the Scholars program and special advisor to the vice president
and director for strategic planning and program coordination, says,
"The annual announcement of Carnegie Scholars provides a new
opportunity to identify and encourage innovative individuals who
are engaged in promising scholarship. The 13 new Scholars for 2003
are a diverse group of men and women working on many different areas,
each of whom is dedicated to communicating the results of their
research to the broader public.”
Carnegie Corporation of New York was created by Andrew Carnegie
in 1911 to promote "the advancement and diffusion of knowledge
and understanding." As a grantmaking foundation, the Corporation
seeks to carry out Carnegie's vision of philanthropy, which he said
should aim "to do real and permanent good in the world."
The Corporation's capital fund, originally donated at a value of
about $135 million, had a market value of $1.6 billion on September
30, 2002. It is expected that the Corporation's grantmaking will
total more than $80 million during fiscal year 2002-2003 in the
areas of education, international peace and security, international
development and strengthening U.S. democracy.
2003
Scholars Project Descriptions
Sarah A. Binder
Senior Fellow in Governance Studies
Brookings Institution and
Associate Professor of Political Science
George Washington University and
Washington, D.C.
"Stacking the Bench: The Politics and Process of Federal Judicial
Selection"
Binder, a promising young scholar studying Congress and other American
political institutions, will examine the politics of federal judicial
selection, assessing the ways in which institutions, elections and
party politics combine to shape the selection and confirmation of
judicial nominees. Her research will involve data collection on
the timing of nominations and confirmation and archival work on
the creation of Senate practices that empower senators during the
process of judicial selection. She will also create statistical
models charting the duration of nomination and confirmation politics,
as well as the timing of changes in relevant practices. A monograph
detailing the results of her research will advance knowledge about
judicial selection, bring to light breakdowns in the current process
and contribute to reform in judicial appointment politics.
Rachel
Bronson
Senior Fellow and Director, Middle East Studies
Council on Foreign Relations
New York, NY
"With
Us or Against Us? The Making of U.S. Policy toward Saudi Arabia:
1945 to the Present"
Bronson’s
research asks why, in light of September 11th, the debate over U.S.-Saudi
relations has been muted and why a restructuring of the relationship
has not occurred. Her hypothesis is that critical information about
the relationship is missing. She proposes to write a book to provide
data to guide U.S. policymakers and help the wider, interested public
better understand U.S.-Saudi relations and determine if and how
to redefine this troubled relationship. Her book will attempt to
answer four fundamental questions: why have the tensions that were
apparent at the establishment of the U.S.-Saudi relationship not
been resolved over the course of its history? When has the U.S.
attempted to modify this relationship and what has blocked such
efforts? Has the partnership benefited the U.S.? How should socioeconomic
reform including democratization, human rights and education be
incorporated into American foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia?
Louise
Cainkar
Research Fellow, Great Cities Institute
University of Illinois, Chicago
Chicago, IL
"A
Sociological Study of the Islamicization of Chicago’s Arab
Community: Implications for Democratic Integration"
Cainkar,
a sociologist, proposes to study the processes by which the ideologies
of transnational political and religious movements transform affiliations,
institutions, political goals and democratic participation in the
U.S. In her study of the Arab-American community of the Chicago
metropolitan area, she will examine the emergence of increased religiosity
in local institutions, beliefs and practices. She will attempt to
deepen understanding of the complex causes of this shift and the
implications for secular democratic institutions. The results of
her research will be published in scholarly papers, journal articles
and ultimately, a book.
Kathleen Collins
Assistant Professor of Political Science
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN
"Islam,
Identity and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus"
Collins,
a political scientist working on the role of Islam in Central Asia
and the Caucasus, seeks to understand and explain the relationship
between Islamic identity and violent conflict. Her project will
investigate several problems of identity and conflict, relevant
both to policy debates and to theoretical discussions, by exploring
whether or not Islamic identity is a cause or a consequence of violence.
She will compare political and sociological mobilization in six
countries (Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan
and Chechnya) within the context of globalization, transnational
movements and social network theory. Her findings will be communicated
on the Internet, in scholarly and policy papers and in a book.
Paul
Edwards
Associate Professor, School of Information
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
"The
Technopolitics of Information Infrastructure in South Africa: Apartheid,
Regime Change and Legitimate Sovereignty"
Edwards
is researching critical questions about global technological transformations
and their impact on the history and politics of South Africa’s
information infrastructure, covering the apartheid era, the transition
to democracy and the creation of an open government. Drawing on
how pre- and post-1994 South African regimes used information technologies
to underwrite their sovereignty in nearly opposite ways—the
former as a mechanism of oppression, the latter in providing openness—he
intends to use this stark contrast to offer a compelling study in
“technopolitics”: the strategic practice of designing
or implementing technologies to enact political goals. His book
will advance understanding about the role of information technology
in establishing peace, security and justice.
James
K. Galbraith
Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr. Chair in Government/Business Relations
Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX
"Global
Inequality and Financial Disorder: The Need for a New System"
Galbraith’s
research has focused on global inequality, resulting in the creation
of global, regional and national datasets. At the same time, he
has been analyzing the relationship between American economic interests
and instability in developing countries. He proposes to write a
book that argues that the true economic interests of the United
States lies in a reconstruction of a stable, governed and regulated
system for world development. He will demonstrate that the rising
global inequalities in the world today cannot be sustained and that
a fundamental cause of instability lies in the asymmetrical financial
position of the United States in the post-Cold-War period. In his
book, he will outline the major elements of a new alternative regulatory
system and highlight the importance of redefining U.S. policy and
political discourse on global financial matters.
Michael
Gilsenan
David B. Kreiser Chair in the Humanities
Department of Middle Eastern Studies
New York University
New York, NY
"Islam,
Citizenship and Identity in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore"
Gilsenan,
a scholar of Arab and Islamic politics, religion and culture, is
currently researching the causes and consequences of the Islamic
diaspora. His project will look at the culture and history of a
Muslim Indian Ocean diaspora—that of Arabs who migrated to
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore from their homeland in the Hadhramaut
region of southeast Yemen. He intends to use this study to develop
more general anthropological and historical approaches to and understandings
of Islamic practices, knowledge and authority in the shifting cultural,
political and economic contexts of modernity in Southeast Asia.
His book will challenge conventional ways of looking at Islamic
identity and citizenship as well as institutional boundaries that
currently define area studies.
Stephen
Holmes
Professor of Law
New York University School of Law
New York, NY
"A New Approach to Russian Legal Reform"
Holmes’
area of expertise is legal reform in Russia. He intends to show
that legal reform in Russia will not succeed if based purely on
abstract, idealized concepts of the “rule of law.” The
application of a “rule-of-law” regime is dependent upon
wider developments in Russia’s polity and civil society. His
book will examine the current troubled state of Russia’s legal
system and the Kremlin’s plans for transforming it. The results
of his research will be useful to program designers in both governmental
and nongovernmental organizations working on legal reform in Russia
and elsewhere.
Alan
B. Krueger
Bendheim Professor of Economics and Public Policy
Woodrow Wilson School
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ
"A
Re-evaluation of Three School Voucher Experiments"
Krueger
is a leading expert on the economics of education, who has written
much of the literature on how resources and the quality of schools
affect educational outcomes. His current project will research and
re-evaluate school vouchers based on three randomized experiments
conducted in New York City, Dayton, Ohio and Washington, D.C. His
initial analyses from the New York City experiment have uncovered
problems with the experimental design, the classification system
and the statistical weights. His research will attempt to correct
for these conditions in order to arrive at a more accurate assessment
of the impact of vouchers, as well as to promote improvements in
evaluation research using experimental designs and statistical methods.
He will disseminate the results of his work in scholarly journals
and the popular media.
Xiaodong
Lin
Associate Professor of Education, Culture and Technology
Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology
Teachers College, Columbia University
New York, NY
"Images
of Good Students and Good Classrooms: Enhancing Teacher Awareness
of Their Own and Student Cultural Beliefs"
Lin,
an award-winning scholar on education and technology, has become
well known for her work on how technology can best foster understanding
and communication among teachers and students from different class,
race and cultural backgrounds. Her current research focuses on systemic
studies about what it takes for people from different cultures to
understand and appreciate one another’s values and products,
and how technology can be designed to support such cultural appreciation.
Based on established research showing that teachers and students
are often not aware of how their own beliefs affect their approaches
to learning and teaching, Lin will use her fellowship to study how
students and teachers from various cultural backgrounds interact
in classrooms in the U.S. and how deeper knowledge of those similarities
and differences can lead to improved classroom practices. She will
develop a computer program that will help teachers self-assess their
own beliefs about learning, unpack their cultural link to such beliefs
and use students’ beliefs as the basis for instructional practice.
Daniel
N. Posner
Assistant Professor, Political Science Department
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA
"Ethnicity
and Africa’s Growth Tragedy"
Posner,
a political scientist, will write a book challenging the conventional
wisdom about the causes of Africa’s economic difficulties.
He claims that, although there are many factors that are responsible
for the region’s development problems, in recent years much
of the research has focused on the continent’s ethnic diversity
as an explanation for its poor economic performance. He believes
that since a country’s ethnic diversity cannot be easily changed,
the notion that development ills are rooted in its ethnic diversity
threatens to distract attention from policies that do hold promise
for generating growth and development in the region. His book will
combine a critique of the existing literature on ethnicity and economic
growth in Africa with the collection and analysis of new data to
generate more valid conclusions about the relationship between these
variables. His book will provide new insight into how sustained
growth in African countries can be achieved.
Darius Rejali
Professor of Political Science
Reed College
Portland, OR
"Approaches
to Violence: A Citizen’s Toolkit"
Rejali,
an expert in political philosophy, social theory and comparative
politics, will complete a new book, Approaches to Violence: A Citizen’s
Toolkit, that will build on his studies of the place torture occupies
in modern life and offer ways for individuals to reflect on and
act against violence. The book will help citizens in democracies
cultivate for themselves the ability to speak intelligently about
cruelty. Furthermore, it will bridge divides which pose critical
obstacles to the study and monitoring of violence. The book has
four aims: to clarify the ways our reflection on violence is impeded,
to identify the range of cognitive tools available for overcoming
the paralysis violence imposes, to show how others have used these
skills and to enable individuals to exercise the tools.
Carrie
Rosefsky Wickham
Associate Professor, Department of Political Science
Emory University
Atlanta, GA
"The
Path to Moderation: Lessons from the Evaluation of Islamism in the
Middle East"
Wickham’s
project seeks to identify the environmental conditions and policy
choices which have fostered or inhibited the moderation of Islamist
rhetoric and practice in the Middle East. She will undertake a comparative
study of Islamist participation in five Arab nations and Turkey
to look at why some Islamist leaders have been more inclined than
others to break from the dominant revivalist or “fundamentalist”
positions on such issues as democracy, pluralism and human rights.
Drawing on theoretical and policy perspectives, she will analyze
how different types of political and civic participation have affected
Islamist political goals and behavior. Her book will contribute
to redefining political theory in the field of social movements,
as well as illuminate distinctive characteristics which result in
moderation.
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