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About Carnegie Corporation
Carnegie
Corporation Annual Reports
Preventing
Deadly Conflict
In
the post–Cold War world, ethnic, nationalist, and religious
enmities, both within and between states, pose a grave threat to
global security. They also present new and formidable challenges
to govern-ments and multilateral organizations often charged with
resolving them. The dangers are heightened in situations where the
hatreds and fears of groups are exploited in violent ways by political
opportunists or where pos-session of nuclear, chemical, and biological
weapons has the potential for menacing the lives of millions.
Under
its program, Preventing Deadly Conflict, the Corporation has supported
independent research and discussion among scholars, policymakers,
and informed members of the public to examine major interstate and
intrastate conflicts and to advance ideas for their prevention or
enduring resolution. This work has been carried out under the subprogram,
preventing mass intergroup violence, in close cooperation with the
Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. Fundamental questions
include the origins of conflicts, the conditions that deter or encourage
their deadly outbreak, the conflicts that are most likely to escalate
into violence and lawlessness, and the func-tional requirements
for an effective system of preven-tion. Funded projects have included
research on ways to reconcile tensions between group rights and
indi-vidual rights, analyses of the media’s role in reporting
responsibly on conflicts and helping to defuse them, and efforts
to inform those living in conflict-prone areas about the concepts,
techniques, and institutions of conflict resolution.
The
Corporation has also examined ways of strengthening democratic institutions
in the former Soviet Union and Eastern and Central Europe, where
ethnic and nationalist conflicts pose especially omi-nous threats
to international stability. Support has been given for efforts to
build elements of a civil society in the Soviet successor states
and to increase the effec-tiveness of Western responses to the threat
of disinte-gration or destabilization in the new states.
In
the subprogram on cooperative security and nonproliferation, the
Corporation has supported policy research and the interaction of
scholars and policy-makers toward developing a strong international
secu-rity strategy based on principles of cooperation rather than
competition, integration rather than isolation, and transparency
rather than secrecy. Primary emphasis has been placed on encouraging
more robust efforts by the United States, Russia, and other nations
to curb the spread of advanced weaponry and weapons technolo-gies
that threaten to raise the stakes dangerously in regional or intrastate
conflicts.
The
successor program, International Peace and Security, will continue
to stress arms control and the prevention of proliferation of weapons
of mass destruc-tion. A new initiative will seek to heighten the
awareness of policymakers on a range of arms control challenges
in South and East Asia. The program will also address the need to
assist major influential groups within Russia in promoting democratic
reforms and in providing career opportunities for members of the
intelligentsia, particularly in the humanities and social sciences.
The Corporation will support discrete projects following up recommendations
of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. Finally,
there will be a cross-program initiative on higher education in
Russia and other post-Soviet states.
Carnegie
Corporation of New York, New York, NY. Carnegie Commission on
Preventing Deadly Conflict. Appropriation administered by the officers
of the Corporation (final). Three years, $5,480,000.
To
address current and looming threats to international peace posed
by intergroup violence and to advance new ideas toward the prevention
and resolution of deadly strife, the Corporation in 1994 established
the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. Corporation
president emeritus David A. Hamburg and former U.S. secretary of
state Cyrus R. Vance are cochairs; political scientist Jane E. Holl
is executive director. The commission members — sixteen international
scholars and policy practitioners — have met quarterly over
three years, pursuing several main avenues of inquiry: first, to
analyze the character of deadly conflicts of the 1990s, both between
and, more commonly, within states; second, to identify the roles
that international institutions, regional organizations, individual
states, and ad hoc coalitions can play in preventing mass violence;
and finally, to consider what blend of political, military, economic,
social, and other tools are, or should be, at the disposal of the
international community. Thus far, the commission's staff, based
in Washington, D.C., has overseen publication of seven academic
books and over twenty technical reports. The final report, Preventing
Deadly Conflict, was released to the public in 1997. As part of
an extensive two-year outreach program, individual commissioners
are delivering the report to their respective parliaments and making
presentations to the editorial boards of major international newspapers
and at international conferences.
David
C. Speedie, Program Chair. (www.ccpdc.org)
National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. Study of conflict resolution
in international relations (final). One year, $175,000.
Scholars
working under the auspices of the National Research Council, the
operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences, are concluding
their assessment of a broad range of traditional and nontraditional
techniques for preventing and resolving conflict. The techniques
include economic sanctions, leverage, deterrence, coercive diplomacy,
and interactive problem solving. The researchers are also examining
the effects of structural approaches, such as new electoral systems
and attempts to balance justice and reconciliation. A book to be
published in 1999 will identify effective strategies in international
conflict resolution and draw conclusions about recent efforts in
this area.
Paul
C. Stern, Principal Staff Officer, National Research Council. (www.nas.edu)
Conflict
Management Group, Cambridge, MA. Project on managing ethnic
conflict in the former Soviet Union. One year, $300,000.
Conflict Management Group offers governments and nongovernmental
groups training and consultation in negotiation and conflict resolution.
Its Project on Ethnic Conflict Management in the Former Soviet Union
has two components. One is the electronic Network on Ethnological
Monitoring and Early Warning of Conflict, which links twenty-eight
regular users in the successor states; the other is a program in
the Caucasus that brings together regional political and ethnic
leaders to discuss the relationship between central and regional
governments in the area. Further support comes from numerous private
and public organizations.
Arthur
Martirosyan, Project Manager and Consultant. (www.cmgonline.org)
Carter
Center, Atlanta, GA. Conflict Resolution Program (final). Two
years, $600,000.
Most
of the organizations attempting to resolve conflict are engaged
in training, research, or advocacy. In contrast, the Carter Center's
Conflict Resolution Program functions at the head-of-state level,
serving as a precursor or alternative to official diplomacy. The
program and its International Negotiation Network, an informal group
of eminent persons, respond to requests for analysis, advice, and
third-party mediation. Current activities include efforts to stabilize
peace in Liberia and monitor the political transition in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo. Among the program's publications are a compendium
of organizations working in conflict resolution and the annual State
of World Conflict Report. This final grant is joined by support
from other foundations and the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Harry
J. Barnes, Program Director, Conflict Resolution Program. (www.cartercenter.org)
Internews
Network, Arcata, CA. Project on the use of television to promote
conflict resolution in the Caucasus. One year, $100,000.
Internews
Network supports independent media in the former Soviet Union. Under
a new project, Internews is linking persons from opposing sides
in the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the enclave
of Nagorno-Karabakh in the southern Caucasus. Armenians and Azeris
are jointly producing television programs that feature refugees,
doctors, displaced families, and others, who share their experiences
and thoughts on the war's causes and consequences. Programs based
on the conversations will be broadcast on the Internews network
of independent television stations in the Caucasus. Additional funders
include other foundations, the United States government, and the
European Union.
David
Hoffman, President.
United
Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
War-Torn Societies Project. One year, $150,000.
The War-Torn Societies Project, operated by the United Nations Research
Institute for Social Development, helps governmental and nongovernmental
organizations respond to the needs of societies recovering from
violent internal strife. Through case studies of Eritrea, Guatemala,
Mozambique, and Somalia, national teams have analyzed the perspectives
and progress of donors engaged in reconstruction. Two research projects
have been completed: an analysis of the ways in which postconflict
initiatives can benefit from women's experiences and capabilities,
and an assessment of the effects of macroeconomic and external assistance
policies on certain groups and sectors. Further support comes from
United Nations agencies and the Canadian and U.S. governments. Matthias
Stiefel, Project Director, War-Torn Societies Project. (www.unrisd.org/wsp)
International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, United Kingdom.
Projects on peacekeeping, enforcement, and conflict resolution (final).
One year, $150,000. With further support from the British Ministry
of Defense, the International Institute for Strategic Studies is
analyzing the debate in Russia over military reform and assessing
the prospects for adopting new policies. Two approaches are being
studied — a minimal change in the size and configuration of
the armed forces and an immediate downsizing — as well as options
between these extremes. The institute is also examining changing
patterns and targets of terrorist activity worldwide, including
the systematic targeting of communications networks, electric power
transmission systems, and other components of the technological
infrastructure.
Terence
Taylor, Assistant Director.
Partners
for Democratic Change, San Francisco, CA. Project to develop
ethnic conciliation commissions in Central and Eastern Europe and
the Caucasus. Two years, $100,000.
Partners for Democratic Change pursues grassroots solutions to ethnic,
national minority, and religious conflicts in Central and Eastern
Europe. In 1996 it created two types of structures in Bulgaria,
the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia to promote the airing
of grievances and disputes. Ethnic conciliation commissions, modeled
after human rights commissions, handle minorityÉmajority disputes,
while social interest conciliation networks address broad issues
such as police brutality and discrimination in housing and employment.
Partners is setting up commissions and networks in Romania and Georgia
while helping its existing structures become independent. The Charles
Stewart Mott Foundation also provides funding.
Raymond
Shonholtz, President. (www.partners-intl.org)
Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC. Center for
Russian and Eurasian programs in Moscow. One year, $300,000.
The
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Moscow Center offers
a forum for Russian scholars and policymakers and their Western
counterparts to debate Russian policy issues. The focus is on seven
areas: domestic politics and political institutions, post-Soviet
economies, ethnicity and nation-building, migration and refugees,
nuclear nonproliferation, foreign and security policy, and U.S.ÉRussian
relations. The core activity in each program is a seminar series
for Moscow-based analysts, decision makers, and journalists. The
center, which is also supported by other foundations, is expanding
its activities beyond Moscow. The endowment's long-term goal is
to establish a permanent institution in the region that will maintain
the center's bilateral character and that will be funded in part
by local donors.
Arnold
Horelick, Vice President for Russian and Eurasian Affairs. (www.ceip.org)
International
Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Studies (Gorbachev Foundation),
Moscow, Russia. Research project on Russia in the emerging global
system (final). Two years, $200,000.
The
Moscow-based International Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political
Studies, known as the Gorbachev Foundation, conducts research and
training on Russian domestic politics and foreign policy. In a new
project, foundation scholars are drawing on statistical and survey
data, roundtable discussions, and content analyses of scholarly
and mass media materials to study issues of Russian national identity
and self-determination. They are addressing economic reform and
development, social and environmental problems, and Russia's geopolitical
identity and alliances. Findings will be incorporated in monographs
and a final report for Russian, U.S., and European policymakers,
scholars, and journalists.
Georgy
Shakhnazarov, Director, Centre for Global Problems Studies.
Foundation
for a Civil Society, New York, NY. Project on conflict prevention
in states building a civil and democratic society. One year, $50,000.
The
Foundation for a Civil Society promotes democracy in societies emerging
from political or social struggle. Its Project on Justice in Times
of Transition brings governmental and nongovernmental leaders of
countries moving from civil conflict to peace together with their
counterparts from countries that have undergone similar changes.
Project members have held conferences for leaders from Eastern and
Central Europe, South Africa, and Northern Ireland and are continuing
to conduct programs on reconciliation for Bosnia. Support also comes
from other foundations, the Open Society Institute, and the National
Endowment for Democracy.
Sara
Zucker, Program Director.
University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Study of conflict prevention
successes and failures (final). One year, $74,000.
The
aim of the Conflict Early Warning Systems Research Program, based
at the University of Southern California, is to improve international
contributions to conflict prevention. Since 1995 research teams
have been examining the extent to which different interventionist
strategies help prevent deadly conflict. Their resulting book, scheduled
for completion in 1999, will present case studies of successes and
failures and address the development and use of information systems
for prevention efforts. Findings from the book will also be disseminated
on a new World Wide Web site and at two international conferences.
Hayward
R. Alker, John A. McCone Professor of International Relations, School
of International Relations.
Brown
University, Providence, RI. Research project on relations among
Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, and Kazakhstan (final). Two years,
$200,000.
Researchers
at the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies
at Brown University are completing a study on challenges to regional
security in the former Soviet Union. The researchers, who work with
scholars and experts in the region, have identified seven factors
that may influence the likelihood of violent disintegration of the
post-Soviet states. They are now testing these factors by analyzing
three paired cases of violent and nonviolent outcomes in Abkhazia
and Ajaria within Georgia; Transdniestria in Moldova and Crimea
in Ukraine; and Chechnya and Tatarstan in the Russian Federation.
Conclusions will be shared with policymakers at a conference and
through a series of research papers, a final report, and a book.
P.
Terrence Hopmann, Research Director, Program on Global Security,
Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies.
Center
for Political and Strategic Studies, Washington, DC. Project
on Central Asia in the postÉCold War era (final). One year, $150,000.
Since
1994 the Center for Political and Strategic Studies, formerly the
Center for Post-Soviet Studies, has been gathering information on
the sources of stability and instability in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The center's network of
Central Asian, Russian, and U.S. scholars, policy analysts, and
political leaders is now exploring the nature and scope of Islam
in Central Asia. In addition to studying elements of Islam in contemporary
political, legal, and military systems, members of the network are
evaluating the influence of neighboring Islamic countries on nationalist
movements in the Central Asian states. Project staff members are
presenting their findings at a 1999 seminar in Washington, D.C.,
and in a book, scheduled for completion in 1999.
Roald
Z. Sagdeev, Senior Associate. (www.cpss.org)
Council
on Foreign Relations, New York, NY. Center for Preventive Action
(final). One year, $300,000.
The Council on Foreign Relations' Center for Preventive Action was
founded in 1994 to increase the possibility of resolving interstate
and intrastate conflicts before they escalate to violence. The center's
efforts are directed at a broad range of situations, including clearly
defined violent conflicts, conflicts in danger of escalation, and
post-conflict reconstruction and consolidation. Working groups of
council members and other experts have conducted case studies in
Burundi, Nigeria, the South Balkans, and the Fergana Valley in Central
Asia and have produced a Preventive Action Report for each region
of inquiry. Members are synthesizing the center's research for presentation
in a book on conflict prevention. The United States Institute of
Peace and other foundations also provide support.
Barnett
R. Rubin, Director, Center for Preventive Action. (www.foreignrelations.org)
University
of Maryland, College Park, MD. Project on conflict resolution
in the Caucasus and Central Asia (final). One year, $100,000.
In
1995 the Center for International Development and Conflict Management
at the University of Maryland launched its Partners in Conflict
project. Eight scholars from three areas of armed conflict in the
Caucasus — Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh; Georgia
and Abkhazia; and Georgia and South Ossetia — were recruited
for a training program in democracy, conflict resolution, and human
rights. After returning to their home countries, the partners set
up their own centers for conflict management and training, coauthoring
a book in Russian and English on the conflicts in the region and
developing conflict prevention reference libraries. The university
provides additional funding and in-kind support.
Barri
Sanders, Associate, Center for International Development and Conflict
Management.
International
Peace Academy, New York, NY. Research on postconflict peacebuilding.
Two years, $200,000.
The
International Peace Academy develops strategies and mechanisms for
long-term peacebuilding linked to local efforts and circumstances.
Researchers at the academy are now conducting studies in Afghanistan,
Palestine, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, and Bosnia,
where international efforts to build peace have been ineffective.
Literature reviews and interviews with participants in and victims
of conflict are aimed at determining the institutional, economic,
social, and cultural roots of violence in each case. Findings will
be shared with journalists, international policymakers, and analysts
through briefing papers, policy forums, and a book. Support is also
provided by other foundations and the United States Institute of
Peace.
Elizabeth
Cousens, Associate. (www.ipacademy.org)
Aspen
Institute, Washington, DC. Support
of the international activities of the Congressional Program. One
year, $750,000. The Aspen Institute's Congressional Program organizes
bipartisan conferences and smaller meetings for congressional leaders
on U.S. relations with the Soviet successor states and the new democracies
of Eastern Europe. It also holds conferences for members of Congress
and the Russian Duma. The aims of the conferences are to help American
policymakers understand the importance of continuing a deeper engagement
with their Russian counterparts and to foster a collegial dialogue
on critical policy issues among the factions in the Duma. More than
one hundred and twenty members of Congress have attended the twenty-three
major conferences and thirty-six interim meetings held to date.
Dick
Clark, Director, Congressional Program. (www. aspeninst.org)
Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA. Programs with Russian military personnel
and policymakers on foreign and security policies. One year, $580,000.
Three programs organized by Harvard University's John F. Kennedy
School of Government promote dialogue between Russian and U.S. officials.
The program for general officers of the Russian Federation brings
Russian and U.S. generals together for the exchange of ideas on
defense, national security, and foreign policy. The Duma executive
program invites Russian parliamentarians to Harvard to study the
role and function of the U.S. Congress and address the economic
and security issues they face. A third program, held in Moscow,
offers joint seminars for Duma staff members and U.S. faculty on
constitutional issues and congressional procedures. The programs
are also funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, the Russian Defense
Ministry, and the Russian State Duma.
Robert
D. Blackwill, Belfer Lecturer in International Security, John F.
Kennedy School of Government.
International
Research and Exchanges Board, Washington, DC. Support. One year,
$500,000.
The International Research and Exchanges Board (irex) was established
in 1968 to promote scholarly exchange and joint research between
the United States and the Soviet bloc countries. In the postÉCold
War era, irex offers programs designed to rebuild the scholarly
infrastructure of the successor states and the nations of Eastern
and Central Europe and strengthen American specialists' knowledge
of the region. irex, also supported by federal agencies and other
foundations, maintains a network of seventeen field offices. In
addition to designing new academic curricula, expanding its field
research programs, and broadening access to the Internet, irex is
supporting Centers for Corporate and Cultural Development in Russia.
Daniel
C. Matuszewski, President. (www.irex.org)
New
York University, New York, NY. Media assistance program in the
Russian Federation (final). One year, $250,000.
In 1992 New York University's Center for War, Peace, and the News
Media and the Moscow-based Institute for USA and Canada Studies
created the RussianÉAmerican Press and Information Center (rapic).
Through briefings, seminars, publications, and training organized
by its six regional offices in Russia, rapic helps journalists cover
elections, market economics, and ethnic conflicts. In 1997 it became
an independent Russian nongovernmental organization, the National
Press Institute. Additional funding for the institute comes from
other U.S. foundations and the Agency for International Development.
Robert
Karl Manoff, Director, Center for War, Peace, and the News Media.
Duke
University, Durham, NC. Media fellows program (final). One year,
$100,000.
The
DeWitt Wallace Center for Communications and Journalism at Duke
University offers professional development programs for broadcast
journalists and media policymakers in the United States and throughout
the world. Participants in the center's international media fellows
program attend seminars at the university on topics including the
rights, ethics, and responsibilities of news media in democratic
societies. They also receive training in recent media technologies
and meet with news executives, editors, producers, and reporters
from broadcast affiliates. The program, which operates in coordination
with the Commission on Radio and Television Policy, a joint project
of the university's center and the Carter Center in Atlanta, receives
additional funding from public and private sources.
Ellen
Mickiewicz, Director, DeWitt Wallace Center for Communications and
Journalism.
Lawyers
Committee for Human Rights, New York, NY. Support. Two years,
$100,000.
The Lawyers Committee for Human Rights was founded in 1978 to protect
human rights inter-nationally. Beyond promoting the integration
of human rights concerns in the programs of the UN and the World
Bank, staff members write articles for journals and major newspapers
and testify on request before the U.S. House of Representatives
Committee on International Relations. Since 1987 the committee has
worked with lawyers, human rights advocates, and nongovernmental
organizations in the former Soviet Union to foster compliance with
international human rights agreements. More recently it has attempted
to strengthen the ad hoc international tribunals for Rwanda and
the former Yugoslavia and has worked with the UN to create a permanent
international criminal court.
Jelena
Pejic, Senior Europe Program Coordinator. (www.lchr.org)
Human
Rights Watch, New York, NY. Human rights monitoring by its Moscow
office. Two years, $100,000.
Human Rights Watch is the founder and the U.S. member organization
of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. Its Moscow
office, also supported by the John Merck Fund and the Moriah Fund,
reports on and responds to violations of civil and political rights
in Russia and other Soviet successor states. Moscow staff members
serve as a resource for the local media, human rights groups, and
the diplomatic community and maintain a network of lawyers and journalists
who monitor the practices of the Russian courts. They are now investigating
and documenting illegal deportation, torture by police, trafficking
of women, and orphanages' neglect and abuse of children with disabilities.
Holly
Cartner, Executive Director, Europe and Central Asia Division. (www.hrw.org)
University
of Georgia Research Foundation, Athens, GA. Project on evaluating
national export controls. One year, $100,000.
The
University of Georgia's Center for International Trade and Security
has created a questionnaire to assess individual countries' nonproliferation
and export control practices. The questionnaire focuses on such
areas as the licensing of sensitive exports, training programs for
export control personnel, penalties for violating export laws, and
verification measures for ensuring that transactions are legal.
Resulting national ratings enable a country's export control system
to be evaluated against an ideal system, against another country,
and over time. Analyses of China, Taiwan, Japan, India, and Cuba
will result in the publication of policy papers for governments
and intergovernmental agencies and a final report. Other foundations
also support the project.
Gary
K. Bertsch, Director, Center for International Trade and Security,
University of Georgia.
National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Support
of activities of the Committee on International Security and Arms
Control with China. One year, $100,000. The Committee on International
Security and Arms Control of the National Academy of Sciences brings
together scientific and technical specialists in the United States
and elsewhere to work toward common solutions of security and defense
problems. Annual bilateral meetings and seminars between committee
members and their counterparts in China are focusing on the threat
of missile proliferation in Asia, the reduction and possible elimination
of nuclear weapons, and the effects of nuclear energy policy on
international security. The committee receives additional funding
from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
Inta
Brikovskis, Staff Director, Committee on International Security
and Arms Control. (www. nas.edu)
Henry
L. Stimson Center, Washington, DC. Support. Two years, $600,000.
This grant joins funding from the Ford and W. Alton Jones foundations
to support two projects of the Henry L. Stimson Center. In one undertaking,
staff members are working to create a verification protocol for
the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and resolve problems
in implementing the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention. In a second
project, the center is promoting the use of confidence-building
measures — tools such as direct communication between potential
combatants and the provision of advance notice of military exercises
— to defuse tensions in South Asia. It is holding workshops
for military officers, government officials, scholars, and journalists,
and issuing a new edition of its handbook analyzing confidence-building
measures' strengths and weaknesses.
Michael
Krepon, President. (www.stimson.org)
Institute
for EastWest Studies, New York, NY. Project on subregional security
and cooperation (final). One year, $250,000.
Several subregional organizations in Eastern and Central Europe
were founded in the early 1990s to promote economic and social cooperation.
In 1996 the Institute for EastWest Studies began a three-part project
to determine the potential of these organizations for enhancing
European security. The institute first examined the role of subregional
groups and the relationships between these and larger European institutions.
Through a series of workshops and seminars, it also explored options
for promoting regional cooperation among organizations on Europe's
periphery as well as this area's closer integration with Europe.
In the final phase, the institute members are analyzing ways to
improve subregional cooperation, developing a World Wide Web site,
and producing three books on the project.
Dag
Hartelius, Vice President, European Security. (www.iews.org)
Aspen
Institute, Washington, DC. Aspen Strategy Group. One year, $150,000.
The Aspen Strategy Group, a standing committee of the Aspen Institute,
was established in 1984 to promote constructive discussion of issues
affecting U.S. foreign and defense policy. The bipartisan group
consists of approximately thirty leaders from research institutes
and universities, Congress and the executive branch, business, religious
organizations, and the media. Rotating members convene workshops
and conferences that result in books, articles, and monographs written
for policymakers and the general public. A conference in August
1998, one of fifty-five held in the last thirteen years, focused
on U.S. interests in East Asia in the wake of the region's financial
crisis. The group is also supported by the John D. and Catherine
T. MacArthur Foundation and the Center for Global Partnership.
Mary
McKinley, Program Coordinator, Aspen Strategy Group. (www.aspeninst.org)
University
of Maryland Foundation, College Park, MD. Women in International
Security program (final). One year, $100,000. Institutional development
of the Women in International Security program. Two years, $100,000.
Women in International Security (wiis) is a membership organization
dedicated to strengthening opportunities for women working in international
security and related fields. It has created a network of women professionals
around the world and organized seminars, workshops, and publications
to support women at critical points in their careers. Beyond continuing
its international outreach efforts and programs for midcareer women,
wiis is expanding its programs for senior women and for those in
graduate school. Additional funding comes from corporations and
other foundations.
Peggy
Knudson, Executive Director, Women in International Security, Center
for International and Security Studies at Maryland School of Public
Affairs.
Council
on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC. Project on foreign policy
discussions for congressional staff. Three years, $100,000.
The Council on Foreign Relations recently launched a three-year
project entitled Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy. Its major goals
are to help congressional staff better understand current international
affairs and to help develop the next generation of foreign policy
leaders. Representatives from Congress, the council, and nongovernmental
organizations participate in roundtable and study groups on Asia,
trade, and security. Debates, programs for senators and representatives,
and one-time events are also being held to broaden participation
in the program. Papers published by the council are used as a basis
for discussion. Additional support comes from other foundations
and from United Technologies.
Alton
Frye, Senior Vice President and Senior Fellow. (www.foreignrelations.org)
Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, and Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA. Research and writing on international security by William J.
Perry and Ashton B. Carter. One year, $172,000, $175,000, respectively.
The Preventive Defense Project is a joint venture of Stanford and
Harvard universities codirected by William J. Perry, former secretary
of defense, and Ashton B. Carter, former assistant secretary of
defense for international security policy. Through regular consultations,
particularly in regions of transition, the project draws military
leaders into durable and mutually beneficial cooperative security
relationships. Five issues are being explored: an integrated security
order for Eurasia, Russia's need to conceive a security identity,
relations between the United States and a rising China, biological
and chemical weapons proliferation, and large-scale terrorism.
William
J. Perry, Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor, Department of
Engineering-Economic Systems/Operations, Center for International
Security and Arms Control, Stanford University.
Ashton B. Carter, Ford Foundation Professor of Science and International
Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Carnegie
Corporation of New York, New York, NY. Research and an edited
volume on McGeorge Bundy's role in policymaking on the Vietnam War.
Eight months, $60,000.
At the time of his death in 1996, Corporation scholar-in-residence
McGeorge Bundy was writing a book on his role, as national security
advisor to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, in formulating policy
on Vietnam. Gordon Goldstein, Bundy's collaborator in the project,
is drawing on the public record of Bundy's writings and on unpublished
materials to complete an edited volume that will come as close as
possible to the volume Bundy envisaged. The materials will be reviewed
by members of Bundy's family and by experts selected in consultation
with Yale University Press, which will publish the book.
David
C. Speedie, Program Chair. (www.carnegie.org)
Discretionary
Grants
Center
for Civil Society International, Seattle, WA
Toward a project on civil society in Central Asia, $25,000
Center
for Defense Information, Washington, DC
Toward initiation of a weekly electronic news service on contemporary
Russia, $25,000
Coalition
for International Justice, Washington, DC
Toward support, $25,000
Donetsk
Scientific-Applied Association Psychological Center, Donetsk,
Ukraine
Toward support of conflict resolution in Ukraine and development
of a network of conflict resolution organizations and practitioners,
$25,000
Fund
for Peace, Washington, DC
Toward the transfer of access's programs to outside institutions,
$20,000
Institute
for Science and International Security, Washington, DC
Toward a collaborative project on the Iraqi nuclear weapons program,
$20,000
Institute
of USA and Canada Studies, Moscow, Russia
For a research project on U.S.ÉRussian relations, $25,000
John
Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York,
New York, NY
For a workshop on humanitarian controls in civil conflicts, $5,000
Lawyers
Committee for Human Rights, New York, NY
Toward fair trial monitoring in the former Yugoslavia, $15,000
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Toward research and writing on nuclear deterrence and U.S.ÉRussian
relations, $15,000
National
Peace Institute Foundation, Washington, DC
Toward a network of women civic and professional leaders in Armenia,
Azerbaijan, and Georgia, $25,000
New
York University, New York, NY
For a project of the Center for the Study of International Organizations
on strengthening international enforcement capabilities, $24,700
Search
for Common Ground, Washington, DC
For strengthening its fund-raising capacity, $25,000
Tulane
University, New Orleans, LA
For research on the South African nuclear weapons program, $9,000
United
Nations Association of the United States of America, New York,
NY Toward a project on the United Nations and U.S. national interests,
$25,000
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